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Towns / South Dakota

Madison, South Dakota

Madison is a small town of about 6,100 people in Lake County, South Dakota. It's the county seat. Its population has held about steady since 2020. A typical home costs about 2.9 years of the typical household's income, compared with 4.1 across the U.S. The nearest metro area of about a million people or more, Omaha, is about 197 miles away as the crow flies.

County seat

Population
6,065
down 1.5% since 2020
Typical home, 2020-24
$193,100
Lake County prices up 25% since 2022
Household income
$65,593
U.S.: $80,734
Prices, rural South Dakota
86.7
U.S. average = 100
Emergency room
In town
Madison Regional Health System
To Omaha
197 mi
straight line

The book's checklist

  • Lower cost of livingEveryday prices run 13.3% below the U.S. average in the parts of South Dakota outside metro areas.
  • More house for the moneyA typical home costs 2.9 years of the typical household's income here. Across the U.S. it's 4.1.
  • A safer neighborhood6 violent crimes were reported in 2025, about 1 per 1,000 people (U.S.: 3.3). Property crime: 8.9 per 1,000 (U.S.: 15.3).
  • Schools in town3 public schools: 1 elementary, 1 middle and 1 high school.
  • A hospital close byMadison Regional Health System is in town and has an emergency room.
  • Within reach of a big cityOmaha is about 197 miles away as the crow flies. The book suggests staying within about 60 miles if you'll miss big-city sports, concerts and theater.

A check means Madison meets the rule of thumb from Frank and Dave's book. An empty box isn't a deal breaker: it's something to weigh for your family. A question mark means there isn't enough data.

For a lifetime

Homes and money

Typical home value, as owners valued them in 2020-2024
$193,100U.S.: $332,700
Home prices since then
Up 25%Lake County, 2022 to 2025
Typical rent, with utilities
$981 a monthU.S.: $1,413
Typical household income
$65,593U.S.: $80,734
Homes owned by the people living in them
60%U.S.: 65%
Typical property tax bill
$2,444 a yearSouth Dakota: $2,724
Homes built before 1940
24%U.S.: 12%
Homes built since 2010
7%U.S.: 11%
Vacation and seasonal homes
0%U.S.: 3%
Everyday prices
86.7U.S. average = 100 (the parts of South Dakota outside metro areas)

Home values and rents are what households told the Census Bureau across 2020 to 2024, so they trail today's market: county prices have moved up 25% since 2022. Everyday prices are the government's average for the parts of South Dakota outside metro areas, not Madison alone. Check current listings before you budget.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates; Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index for counties (all transactions); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities, 2024.

The people

Population, 2025 estimate
6,0652020: 6,160
Median age
40.1 yearsU.S.: 38.9
Age 65 and older
23%U.S.: 17%
Under 18
19%U.S.: 22%
Adults with a bachelor's degree or more
34%U.S.: 36%
Moved here from another county or state in the past year
13%U.S.: 6%
College students
12%share of all residents

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates (Vintage 2025); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Work

Biggest lines of work
Schools, health care and social services (30%); retail (13%); manufacturing (11%)
Unemployment rate
4%U.S.: 5%
Average commute
11 minutesU.S.: 26 minutes
Work from home
8%U.S.: 15%
Below the poverty line
9%U.S.: 12%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Health care

Nearest emergency room: Madison Regional Health System, Madison, SD, in town. It's a critical access hospital (a small rural hospital with 25 or fewer beds). Medicare hasn't given it a star rating.

Nearest general hospital: Brookings Health System, Brookings, SD, about 27 miles away. Medicare gives it 4 of 5 stars.

Look up doctors, clinics and the hospitals themselves on Medicare's Care Compare. Ask where the most serious cases are sent.

Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Hospital General Information.

Schools

3 public schools in Madison, run by Madison Central School District 39-2.

Colleges in or next to town: Dakota State University (1,000 to 4,999 students).

See each school on the federal school search, then check test scores and graduation rates on South Dakota's school report card.

Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, 2023-24 (via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal); National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS institution directory, 2024.

Internet

Homes with cable, fiber or DSL internet
80%U.S.: 76%
Homes with any internet subscription
87%U.S.: 91%

Before you buy, look up the address on the FCC's National Broadband Map to see which providers serve it.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Weather

January average low
5°F
July average high
83°F
Days 90°F or hotter
12 a year
Nights at or below freezing
170 a year
Rain and melted snow
26.4 inches a year
Snow
37 inches a year
Elevation
1,672 feet

Weather station: Madison 2SE (1 mile away). Averages for 1991 to 2020.

Sources: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020; U.S. Geological Survey, 3D Elevation Program.

Getting around

Straight-line miles. The road is always longer, and as the book says, an interstate at 70 is a different trip from a farm road at 45. Check the real drive: Sioux Falls, Omaha.

Lake County is outside any metro area, with 5,000 to 20,000 people in its towns, next to a metro area (USDA rural-urban code 6, on a scale where 1 is the biggest metro areas and 9 the most rural counties).

For a day

13 places on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Abraham Hegdahl Farm and the Madison Historic District.

National Park Service sites within about an hour:

  • Pipestone National Monument39 miles

Campus life. Check Dakota State University's events calendar for games, concerts and plays open to the public.

Read about Madison's history on Wikipedia.

Know Madison?

Tell us what a visitor shouldn't miss, and what living there is really like. Write to Main Street at mainstreet@smalltownguide.com. The best notes from people who know the town will be added here.

Nearby

Straight-line miles.

Small towns

Smaller places

  • Lake Madison, SD (unincorporated)936 people, 5 miles
  • Wentworth, SD172 people, 7 miles
  • Ramona, SD163 people, 9 miles
  • Brant Lake South, SD (unincorporated)211 people, 11 miles
  • Chester, SD (unincorporated)152 people, 12 miles
  • Colman, SD696 people, 15 miles

Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates (Vintage 2025)
  2. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates
  3. Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index for counties (all transactions)
  4. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities, 2024
  5. FBI, Crime in the United States, Table 8 (offenses known to law enforcement by city)
  6. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Hospital General Information
  7. National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, 2023-24 (via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal)
  8. National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS institution directory, 2024
  9. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020
  10. U.S. Geological Survey, 3D Elevation Program
  11. National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places listings
  12. National Park Service, park unit boundaries
  13. USDA Economic Research Service, Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, 2023
  14. U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 Gazetteer files and 2020 urban areas

Census survey figures are estimates with a margin of error; we leave out any figure whose margin is too wide to be useful. Data last gathered October 5, 2026. See something wrong? Write to mainstreet@smalltownguide.com.