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Penn Yan, New York

Penn Yan is a small town of about 5,300 people in Yates County, New York. It's the county seat. It has grown about 3% since 2020. A typical home costs about 2.5 years of the typical household's income, compared with 4.1 across the U.S. The nearest metro area of about a million people or more, Rochester, is about 45 miles away as the crow flies.

County seat

Population
5,272
up 3.1% since 2020
Typical home, 2020-24
$152,700
Yates County prices up 30% since 2022
Household income
$60,190
U.S.: $80,734
Prices, rural New York
91.6
U.S. average = 100
Emergency room
In town
Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital of Yates
To Rochester
45 mi
straight line

The book's checklist

  • Lower cost of livingEveryday prices run 8.4% below the U.S. average in the parts of New York outside metro areas.
  • More house for the moneyA typical home costs 2.5 years of the typical household's income here. Across the U.S. it's 4.1.
  • A safer neighborhood9 violent crimes were reported in 2025, about 1.8 per 1,000 people (U.S.: 3.3). Property crime: 14.4 per 1,000 (U.S.: 15.3).
  • Schools in town3 public schools: 1 elementary, 1 middle and 1 high school.
  • A hospital close bySoldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital of Yates is in town and has an emergency room.
  • Within reach of a big cityRochester is about 45 miles away as the crow flies. The book suggests staying within about 60 miles if you'll miss big-city sports, concerts and theater.

A check means Penn Yan meets the rule of thumb from Frank and Dave's book. An empty box isn't a deal breaker: it's something to weigh for your family. A question mark means there isn't enough data.

For a lifetime

Homes and money

Typical home value, as owners valued them in 2020-2024
$152,700U.S.: $332,700
Home prices since then
Up 30%Yates County, 2022 to 2025
Typical rent, with utilities
$663 a monthU.S.: $1,413
Typical household income
$60,190U.S.: $80,734
Homes owned by the people living in them
62%U.S.: 65%
Typical property tax bill
$3,146 a yearNew York: $6,582
Homes built before 1940
50%U.S.: 12%
Homes built since 2010
1%U.S.: 11%
Vacation and seasonal homes
0%U.S.: 3%
Everyday prices
91.6U.S. average = 100 (the parts of New York outside metro areas)

Home values and rents are what households told the Census Bureau across 2020 to 2024, so they trail today's market: county prices have moved up 30% since 2022. Everyday prices are the government's average for the parts of New York outside metro areas, not Penn Yan alone. Check current listings before you budget.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates; Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index for counties (all transactions); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities, 2024.

The people

Population, 2025 estimate
5,2722020: 5,114
Median age
48.5 yearsU.S.: 38.9
Age 65 and older
30%U.S.: 17%
Under 18
16%U.S.: 22%
Adults with a bachelor's degree or more
22%U.S.: 36%
Moved here from another county or state in the past year
6%U.S.: 6%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates (Vintage 2025); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Work

Biggest lines of work
Schools, health care and social services (27%); manufacturing (20%); retail (20%)
Unemployment rate
2%U.S.: 5%
Average commute
14 minutesU.S.: 26 minutes
Work from home
6%U.S.: 15%
Below the poverty line
13%U.S.: 12%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Health care

Nearest emergency room: Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital of Yates, Penn Yan, NY, in town. It's a critical access hospital (a small rural hospital with 25 or fewer beds). Medicare hasn't given it a star rating.

Nearest general hospital: Geneva General Hospital, Geneva, NY, about 15 miles away. Medicare gives it 2 of 5 stars.

Look up doctors, clinics and the hospitals themselves on Medicare's Care Compare. Ask where the most serious cases are sent.

Sources: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Hospital General Information.

Schools

3 public schools in Penn Yan, run by Penn Yan Central School District.

See each school on the federal school search, then check test scores and graduation rates on New York's school report card.

Sources: National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, 2023-24 (via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal); National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS institution directory, 2024.

Internet

Homes with cable, fiber or DSL internet
73%U.S.: 76%
Homes with any internet subscription
81%U.S.: 91%

Before you buy, look up the address on the FCC's National Broadband Map to see which providers serve it.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates.

Weather

January average low
18°F
July average high
81°F
Days 90°F or hotter
9 a year
Nights at or below freezing
129 a year
Rain and melted snow
34.6 inches a year
Snow
57 inches a year
Elevation
727 feet

Weather stations: Penn Yan Ap (1 mile away) and Geneva Rsch Farm (15 miles away, rain and snow). Averages for 1991 to 2020.

Sources: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020; U.S. Geological Survey, 3D Elevation Program.

Getting around

Straight-line miles. The road is always longer, and as the book says, an interstate at 70 is a different trip from a farm road at 45. Check the real drive: Rochester.

Yates County is outside any metro area, with 5,000 to 20,000 people in its towns, next to a metro area (USDA rural-urban code 6, on a scale where 1 is the biggest metro areas and 9 the most rural counties).

For a day

7 places on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Crooked Lake Outlet Historic District, the Penn Yan Historic District and the Yates County Courthouse Park District.

National Park Service sites within about an hour:

  • Women's Rights National Historical Park20 miles
  • Harriet Tubman National Historical Park30 miles

Read about Penn Yan's history on Wikipedia.

Know Penn Yan?

Tell us what a visitor shouldn't miss, and what living there is really like. Write to Main Street at mainstreet@smalltownguide.com. The best notes from people who know the town will be added here.

Nearby

Straight-line miles.

Small towns

Smaller places

  • Keuka Park, NY (unincorporated)1,121 people, 4 miles
  • Dresden, NY296 people, 5 miles
  • Hall, NY (unincorporated)255 people, 9 miles
  • Gorham, NY (unincorporated)315 people, 11 miles
  • Rushville, NY688 people, 11 miles
  • Ovid, NY514 people, 12 miles
  • Lodi, NY274 people, 12 miles
  • Romulus, NY (unincorporated)265 people, 13 miles

Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates (Vintage 2025)
  2. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates
  3. Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index for counties (all transactions)
  4. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities, 2024
  5. FBI, Crime in the United States, Table 8 (offenses known to law enforcement by city)
  6. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Hospital General Information
  7. National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, 2023-24 (via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal)
  8. National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS institution directory, 2024
  9. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020
  10. U.S. Geological Survey, 3D Elevation Program
  11. National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places listings
  12. National Park Service, park unit boundaries
  13. USDA Economic Research Service, Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, 2023
  14. U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 Gazetteer files and 2020 urban areas

Census survey figures are estimates with a margin of error; we leave out any figure whose margin is too wide to be useful. Data last gathered October 5, 2026. See something wrong? Write to mainstreet@smalltownguide.com.